C
– Language: - C – Language is programming language developed at AT
& T’s Bell laboratories of USA in 1972. It was design and written by
Dennies Ritchie. To develop the Unix operating system at Bell labs.
The Unix operating system,
the C– compiler and essentially all Unix application program have been
written in C. C- Language was invented to write an operating system called
Unix.
Historical
Development of C
By 1960 a horde of computer language had come into
existence, almost each for a specific purpose. For example, COBOL was being
used for commercial applications. FOROTON was used to engineering purpose and
scientific applications. In 1960, International committee was developed to
ALGOL. In 1963, Cambridge University was developed to CPL (Combined Programming
Language). Basic Combined Programming Language (BCPL) developed by Martin
Richard at Cambridge University. In 1970, B language was developed by Ken
Thomson at AT & T’s. In 1972, C- Language was developed by Dennis Ritchie
at AT & T’s.
|
Year
|
Language
|
Developed by
|
Remarks
|
|
1960
|
ALGOL
|
International Committee
|
To general, too abstract
|
|
1963
|
CPL
|
Cambridge University
|
Hard to learn difficult implement
|
|
1967
|
BCPL
|
Martin Richard at Cambridge University
|
Could deal with only specific problems
|
|
1970
|
B
|
Ken Thomson at AT & T’s
|
Could deal with only specific problems
|
|
1972
|
C
|
Dennis Ritchie at AT & T’s
|
Lost generally of BCPL and B restored
|
Introduction
As we know that a
program is a set of instruction which is written a sequence and in which
language, we write a program is called a programming language. So, program must
follow a correct syntax of that particulars programming language. The person
who write of a program called “Programmer”, which program has own rules and
regulation. It is a perfect medium to take the computer.
Characteristics of
Programming
↙↘
1. C is a general-purpose programming language which
means C is used to write varies application of operating system.
2. C is portable language because they are run in
different environment like computer but c- compiler available in operating
system.
3. C is easy to debug. The compiler is detecting syntax
error and display your screen.
4. C is middle level language which function combination
of high-level language and low-level language.
5. There are fast to detect syntax error and display on
your screen.
6. It is fast programming language.
7. C is flexible language like easily port one computer
to another computer.
8. There is popular language that not just because it can
be used to standalone programming language.
9. C is structure program that means programming
language.
1. C is used to
easily. This software easily available in environment.
Structure of C- Program
A C-
program may contain section what that given bellow: -
Documentation
section
Link
section
Definition
section
Global
declaration section
main
()
{
Declaration
section
Executable
section
}
●
Documentation section: - Documentation section is consisting of set of comment
lines that may name of program like author name and some other.
There are two types:
(I).
Single comment line: - This represented two forward slash like this // where
write two slash in any line your text goes here while not executable by
compiler and it will till ends of line.
(ii).
Multiple comment lines: - If be want to write some text as a comments but it is
not ending in the single line then we used /* (slash asterisk) to start the
comment and these comments line can be more than one lines to ends the comments
be used */ (asterisk forward) means anything written between /* and */ will be
tried comment and execute by compiler.
For example: -
/* comments */
Note: - Comments is anything like author name (Prem).
Any comments like anything.
For example:
/*this is my first program is written by Prem
And it is written on dates 10-01-19 and time */
● Link
section: - Link section is used to link to system header file in the program.
For example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.>
Note: stdio is called
standard input output.
Note: h> is called
header file.
OR
Link section: Link
section provides instruction to the compilers to link function from the system
library.
● Definition section:
Definition section is defined as symbolic constant.
● Global declaration
section: In this section, we defined the variable that are used in more than
function through out the program. So, these are called global declaration
section.
